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prisoner exchange
A prisoner exchange or prisoner swap is a deal between opposing sides in a conflict to release prisoners. These may be prisoners of war, spies, hostages, etc. Sometimes dead bodies are involved in an exchange.
== Geneva Conventions ==
Under the Geneva Conventions, any prisoner who due to illness or disability cannot contribute to the war effort is entitled to be repatriated to their home country. This applies regardless of number of prisoners so affected; the detaining power cannot refuse a genuine request.
Under the Geneva Convention (1929), this is covered by articles 68 to 74, and the Annex. One of the largest exchange programmes was run by the International Red Cross during the Second World War under these terms. Under the Third Geneva Convention of 1949, this is covered by articles 109-117.
The Second World War in Yugoslavia is notorious for the brutal struggle between the armed forces of the Third Reich and the communist-led Partisans. Less known is the fact that the two sides negotiated prisoner exchanges virtually since the beginning of the war. Under extraordinary circumstances, these early contacts evolved into a formal exchange agreement, centered on the creation of a neutral zone – quite possibly the only such in occupied Europe – where prisoners were regularly swapped until late April 1945, saving several thousand lives.〔Gaj Trifković, ''"Making Deals with the Enemy: Partisan-German Contacts and Prisoner Exchanges in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945"'' in: Global War Studies 01/2013; 10(2):6-37.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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